He defined Right Knowledge, Right Action, and Right Conduct in his opening speech, propagated nonviolence, and taught Jain values. Additionally, he discussed the significance of human birth and the purpose of all life. The new religion Jainism was thus established. Numerous people adopted the ascetic lifestyle, including members of the royal family.
He defined Right Knowledge, Right Action, and Right Conduct in his opening speech, propagated nonviolence, and taught Jain values. Additionally, he discussed the significance of human birth and the purpose of all life. The new religion Jainism was thus established. Numerous people adopted the ascetic lifestyle, including members of the royal family.
Rishabhanatha had a lifespan of 8,400,000,000 years and obtained moksha at the age of 8,400. He is usually depicted with the bull sign on a lotus pedestal and in a yoga position.
His symbol is a bull.
The second of Jainism's twenty-four Tirthankaras was Ajitnath / Ajitanath. Simha was his birth name. He also goes by the name Aparajita because he defeated all of his enemies. He was the son of Ikshvaku dynasty monarchs King Jitashatru and Queen Vijaya, and he ruled the country for a century.
He became a Tirthankara after achieving Kevala Jnana (Omniscience) beneath a banyan tree. On the ninth day of the bright half of the lunar month, he attained the status of a Siddha, an enlightened human who has mastered his own inner emotions and attained the condition of the supreme being.
He preached the Dharma to all creatures, including deities, animals, and humans. Under a banyan tree, he attained moksha or freedom from the cycle of life and death.
His symbol is an Elephant.
He was the third Tirthankara & was born on the fourteenth day of the bright half of the month of Margashirsha to King Jitari and Queen Sena Devi at Shravasti. He showed complete disinterest in worldly luxuries from an early age and remained untouched by the royal splendour into which he was born. As soon as he reached the proper age, he got married. Later, the king gave him control of the kingdom.
After a period of peaceful rule, he left the throne and began practising asceticism on the fifteenth day of the bright half of the month of Margashirsha. After fourteen years of diligent penance, he eventually acquired omniscience. Then he started to give speeches about life's ephemeral nature, the purpose of life, and the ideal that all people should strive for.
He spent a lot of time working toward this purpose and contributed to the Jain religion's growth. He gained Nirvana, or liberation, on the fifth day of the bright half of the month of Chaitra.
His symbol is Horse.
Abhinandanatha / Abhinandannath was the fourth Tirthankara of the 24 Tirthankaras. He was born to king Samvara and Queen Siddhartha in Ayodhya in the Ikshvaku clan on the second day of Magh Shukla month in the Indian calendar.
His height is 350 feet (1050 m). Under the priyangu tree, he achieved Kevala Jnana, transformed into a siddha (free soul who had destroyed all of his karmas), and abandoned his lavish life.
He is claimed to have lived for 50 lakh years and reached moksha at the age of 84 at Sammed Shikharji.
His symbol is Monkey.
He was the fifth Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini). He was born to Kshatriya King Megha (Meghaprabha) and Queen Mangala (Sumangala) at Ayodhya in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the eighth day of the Vaisakha Sudi month of the Jain calendar.
He attained Kevala Jnana under priyangu or sala tree. He became a siddha (a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its karma). Lord Sumithanatha is associated with the Priyangu tree, Heron (Krauncha) emblem, Tumburu (Purushadatta) Yaksha & Mahakala Yakshi.
According to Aparājitapṛcchā, his colour is gold (Kāñcana), and he is 300 dhanusa tall (one dhanusa is equal to 6 feet), which roughly translates to 549 metres.
His emblem, or symbol, is a Goose.
The sixth Tirthankara, also known as Padhmaprabhu Swami, was born to Emperor Shridhar Raja and Queen Susimadevi at Kaushambi in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the twelfth day of the Kartik Krishna month of the Hindu calendar.
The prince eventually grew up and got married. When his father later left for divine ritual, he was crowned and took the throne. After a long and prosperous reign, Padmaprabha saw through his threefold wisdom that the time had come for him to take up asceticism. So, on the 13th day of the dark half of the month of Kartik, along with 1000 other men, he took Diksha. He attained Nirvana under a banyan tree on the full moon day of the month of Chaitra after engaging in divine rituals for six months. He travelled to different places to spread Jain religious beliefs. After a long journey through several locations, Lord Padmaprabh finally arrived at Sammed Shikharji. There, on the eleventh day of the dark half of the month of Margashirsha, he gained Nirvana.
In his 30 lakh purva of life, Bhagwan Padmaprabha spent 13 purva less than one lakh purva as an ascetic, and six months engaging in spiritual practices (Sadhana / Tap). According to legend, he was 250 measure of bow tall (at the time, the standard unit of measurement was the bow, which included both a bow and an arrow).
His symbol is Lotus.
Supārśva is another name for him, the seventh Tīrthaṅkara. He was born on 12 Jyeshtha Shukla to King Pratistha and Queen Prithvi at Varanasi in the Ikshvaku clan. He was wed and succeeded his father as ruler. Suparvantha governed his country for 14 lakh purva and 20 purvanga (Rajya Kala), spending 5 lakh purva as a youth (Kumra Kala).
According to Jain folklore, he gave up his worldly existence after noticing flowers fading and tree leaves falling. He became a Jain ascetic after giving his kingdom to his son. 9 months later, he attained Kevala Jnana (Omniscience). He is believed to have gained Nirvana at Sammed.
Shikharji on the sixth day of the dark half of the month of Phalguna, after spending many years preaching to others.
As per Aparājitapṛcchā, his colour is green (Harita). He stands 200 dhanusa tall, which is about equivalent to 366 metres (one dhanusa or bow is equal to 6 feet).
His emblem, or symbol, is a Swastika.
The eighth Jain Tirthankara was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi in Chandrapuri, a city that is found on the banks of the watercourse Ganges, about twenty kilometres off from Varanasi in the Ikshvaku dynasty. His birth took place on the twelfth day of the Indian calendar's "Paush" Krishna month, according to Jain texts.
In his youth (Kumra Kala), he spent 2 lakh purva and reigned his realm for 6 lakh purva and 24 purvanga (Rajya Kala). He was indifferent to the usual pleasures and princely splendour of his kingdom. He underwent Jain Diksha (Initiation), where he received the light of accurate knowledge.
Shikharji on the sixth day of the dark half of the month of Phalguna, after spending many years preaching to others.
Soon after ascending to the throne, he gave up his material existence, and three months later, while meditating beneath the Naga tree, he attained Kevala Jnana (Omniscience). He is claimed to have gained Nirvana at Sammed Shikharji on the seventh day of the splendid half of the month of Bhadradha after several years of spreading his knowledge.
His symbol is the Crescent Moon.
In Jainism, he is also known as Suvidhinatha, the ninth Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini). He was born to King Sugriva and Queen Rama on the fifth day of the Vikram Samvat's Margshrsha Krishna month at Kakandi (modern Khukhundoo, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh) to the Ikshvaku dynasty.
Pushpadant enjoyed the luxuries and pleasures of a typical princely existence, but he was always distant. He was raised an ascetic and it took him four months of hard spiritual work before he reached omniscience. He then regularly taught his followers the Jain philosophy, gave people insight into the meaning of birth and rebirth, and provided guidance on how to find salvation. He led his followers in the practice of ahimsa and compassion by modelling these virtues for them.
The four-part sangha was revived by him in the tradition initiated by Rishabhanatha Bhagwan. On the ninth day of the dark half of the month of Kartik, he attained Nirvana in Sammed Shikharji.
His symbol is Crocodile.
His another name is Śītala / Shiatnath / Shitalanatha, the tenth Tīrthaṅkara. On the twelfth day of the Magha Krishna month of the Indian national calendar, in Bhadrikapura or Bhadillapura (Madrapura according to one version), he was born into a Ksatriya family to the King Dharatha and Queen Sunand of the Malaya Kingdom.
As per aparājitapṛcchā, he is of gold (Kāñcana) colour and 90 dhanusa tall, which is nearly 165 metres (one dhanusa, or bow, is equal to 6 feet).
Shikharji on the sixth day of the dark half of the month of Phalguna, after spending many years preaching to others.
Vilva (Aegle Marmelos) is the name of the tree under which he gained the Kevala Jnana.
His symbol is Kalpavriksha.
He was the eleventh Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini). He was born to King Vishnu and Queen Vishna at Simhapuri, near Sarnath in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the twelfth day of the Falgun Krishna month of the Indian calendar.
He was an obedient child who loved peace who spent most of his time in meditation & prayer. After deciding to arrange for his marriage, the King gave him the keys to the Kingdom and went to the woods to pursue his spiritual goals. Shreyansnath started to feel restless after governing the Kingdom for a long time. He realised the significance of his birth when he witnessed all of his previous lifetimes during meditation. Then, he adopted asceticism after giving the throne to his son. Many of the royal family members and his subjects followed him and took up asceticism.
After performing strict spiritual penances, he attained Omniscience under a mango tree on the fifteenth day of the dark half of the Hindu calendar month of Magh. He persisted in preaching and urging people to adhere to Jain philosophical ideals. At Sammed Shikharji, he acquired Nirvana on the third day of the dark half of the month of Shravan after a lot of years of spiritual practises and preaching.
The symbol of Shreyansnath is Rhinoceros.
The twelfth Tirthankara was born to King Vasupujya and Queen Jaya Devi at Champapuri in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the fourteenth day of the Falgun Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He remained celibate and never wed.
On the fifteenth day of Krishna Paksham (days between the Full and New Moon) of the Phalgun month, he decided to become an ascetic. Six hundred ascetics devotedly followed him. He attained sainthood and only engaged in holy penance. Under the Patal tree, he acquired Omniscience after a few months of hard penance. Throughout his lifetime, he continued to preach more and gave Diksha to a large number of people. He preached Jain philosophy to everyone. Further, he imparted to them Ahimsa, compassion, and peace & travelled widely, promoting Jainism.
As a result of his earnest devotion to God, he attained Kevala Jnana and all four of his ghati karmas were cleansed. On the second day of the bright half of the Magh month, he attained Nirvana after fulfilling his true purpose for being born. He was liberated on the fourteenth day of the Shukla Paksham of the Ashad month.
The symbol for Vasupujya is represented as a Buffalo.
He was the thirteenth Jain Tirthankara of the present age (Avasarpini), born to King Kratavarma and Queen Shyamadevi at Kampilya of the Ikshvaku dynasty on the third day of the Magh Sukla month of the Indian calendar. The youngster was respectful of everyone and used to be obedient, loving, and very pious. When he was grown, they married him. The King then made the decision to give him the kingdom and head to the forest to participate in religious and spiritual rites.
For many years under his skillful administration, the kingdom was at full peace. But with time, he started to feel detached from everything. One day during his meditations, he had visions of his prior lives and understood why he had been born. He abdicated his kingdom and took up asceticism. His route was followed by several members of the royal family and his subjects. He established the religious ford and acquired omniscience after two years of spiritual effort. Then, he started instructing and preaching the Jain philosophical teachings to his followers. He urged them to give up worldly pleasures and see self-realization as the ultimate goal of life by leading a life of compassion and nonviolence.
In his 60 lakh years of life, he spent 15 lakh as an ascetic and 2 months practicing spirituality (Sadhana / Tap). He is said to have stood at a height of 60 measures of bow (at the period, the unit of measurement was the bow, which included both a bow and an arrow). On the seventh day of the month of Ashadh's dark half, he attained Nirvana at Sammed Shikharji.
The symbol of Vimalnath is Boar (wild pig).
Queen Suyasha Devi, the wife of king Simhasen of Ayodhya, gave birth to an illustrious son Anantnath / Anantanatha, the fourteenth Tirthankara, on the thirteenth day of the dark half of the month of Vaishakh.
He became an ascetic along with 1,000 other people after having a regular life as a prince and subsequently as the king. He donated his wealth. Then, he took a handful of hair, murmured "Namo Siddhanam," and then started to walk away. After 3 years of nonstop religious suffering, he achieved Omniscience. On the fourteenth day of the waning moon of the Vaisakh month, under the Ashoka tree, he accomplished his objective. He then began guiding other souls toward salvation. In his first speech, he elaborated on the theme of the fundamentals — matter and life. He had a large following that followed his path of renunciation. His sermons inspired people.
On the summit of Sammed Shikar's hill, he gained Nirvana while performing a thorough religious penance. He was liberated on the fifth day of the Shukla Paksham (the period between the new and full moon) of the Chaitra month.
His symbol is Porcupine.
The fifteen Tirthankara was born in Ratnapur in the Ikshvaku dynasty, on the third day of the bright half of the month of Magh to King Bhanu and Queen Suvrata Devi. After some time, the prince grew into a good and respectful young man, and they soon married him. The King then made the decision to cede control of the realm to him and retired to the forest to immerse himself in spiritual activities.
Dharmanath exercised wise leadership for a while. Additionally, he would spend every moment in prayer and meditation. Years went by, and he saw all his previous lives in his prayers. He became aware of his life's purpose and the reason he was born. And he experienced a profound sense of remoteness. He left the kingdom and took up asceticism, wandering from place to place and starting to seriously pursue his spiritual pursuits. When he arrived in Ratanpur, he attained Omniscience while seated beneath a Dadhiparan tree.
He lived for a total of 10 lakh years, of which 2.5 lakh were spent as an ascetic and 2 years in meditation and spirituality (Sadhana / Tap). His height is estimated to be 45 measures or units of a bow (at the time, a unit of measurement for height was a bow, specifically a bow and arrow).
His symbol is Vajra.
King Vishvasena and Queen Achira gave birth to the sixteenth Tirthankara at Hastinapur on the 13th day of Jestha Krishna in the Ikshvaku clan. He was a young man (Kumra Kala) for 25,000 years, married a lovely princess, and ruled his realm for 50,000 years. His armoury was fortunate with divine chakra Ratna. So, he vanquished all six divisions of the earth in all directions, amassing elephants, horses, ninefold most valuable goods, and fourteen Ratna (Jewels) during his rule. And he succeeded as the fifth Chakravartin. The epilepsy epidemic started to spread during his reign, and he also assisted in bringing it under control.
His karma to live in a palace and hold a kingly position gradually came to an end. He understood the true meaning of his existence and the ultimate aim he wished to accomplish throughout this brief lifetime. His son Chakrayudh received the reins of the kingdom from him. And he left the palace one day with thousands of other kings, removed his hair with his fist, chanted "Namo Siddhanam," and vowed to live a hermit's life. He then travelled while meditating and wandering. Numerous obstacles stood in his way, yet they were all forced to submit under his feet. Following a year of spiritual effort, he arrived in Hastinapur, where, while seated beneath a Nandi tree, on the bright half of the month of Paush, he acquired Omniscience. His son, mother, wife, the entire population of Hastinapur, as well as many other individuals from all over the world, attended his first religious sermon.
He acquired Diksha under the influence of the Pravachan Chakrayudh and began his path to Moksha. Then, he travelled to Sammed Shikharji, where he meditated. While there, all of his Ghati Karma vanished, and in the dark half of the month of Jyeshtha, he gained Nirvana.
His symbol is Deer.
The seventeenth Tirthankara was born to King Surya (Sura) and Queen Shridevi at Hastinapur in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the fourteenth day of the Vaishakh Krishna month of the Indian calendar. After his father, Kunthu Kumar ascended the throne. The disc weapon soon appeared in his armoury, and he quickly used his vast army to conquer the entire planet. He became a Chakravarti after all the kings peacefully acknowledged his authority. After this, he proceeded to sign his name on the mountain foothills. But, his goals appeared to be dwarfed when he saw the names of other Chakravartins written there.
He then took Diksha with 1,000 other men on the fifth day of the dark half of the month of Vaishak, following which he attained Manahparyav Jnan. On the third day of the dark half of the month of Chaitra and the constellation of Krithika, after 16 years of Diksha and giving up on the world, Lord Kunthunath obtained redemption (Keval Gyan) beneath a Tilak tree in the Sahasramara jungle outside of Hastinapur. His opening speech was on the topic of "Inner Purity." Kunthunath spent a very long time travelling and preaching real religion as an omniscient ascetic. He subsequently travelled to Sammed Shikharji, kept a month-long fast, and at the age of 95,000 years, found liberation and Nirvana there on the mountain.
In his 15000 years of life, he spent 23750 years as an ascetic and 16 years devoted to religious life (Sadhana / Tap). The height of Kunthunath Prabhu is estimated to be 35 measures of bow (at the period, the unit of measurement was the bow, which included both a bow and an arrow).
His symbol is Goat.
The eighteenth Jain Tirthankara of the current age, Avasarpini was born to Emperor Sudarshan Raja and Queen Devi Rani at Hastinapur in the Ikshvaku dynasty on the 10th day of the Migsar Krishna month of the Hindu calendar. He gradually married numerous lovely princesses as he grew older. Later, his father appointed him as king, and retired to live an ascetic life.
Ara Kumar showed himself to be a strong, compassionate leader who cared for his people. He started fighting right away, conquered all six continents, and attained Chakravarti status. One day, after a long and prosperous reign, he was observing the continuously changing seasons. His complete detachment came about as a result of a series of magnificent thoughts that were sparked by the sheer idea of nature. Thus, he gave up all of his wealth, influence, and renown, transformed into an ascetic, engaged in strict devotional practices, and travelled to various locations. After three years of extensive travel, he finally landed in the Sahasramra jungle outside of Hastinapur. He stood there meditating behind a mango tree & destroyed all 4 vitiating karmas — knowledge obstructing, perception obstructing, illusory, and power hindering — with the fire of higher meditation. His first speech focused on how to overcome foes like attachment and aversion.
Later, he wanders for a considerable amount of time — 21,000 years — propagating his religion. He eventually reached Sammed Shikharji and attained enlightenment there.
His symbol is Fish.
The nineteenth Tirthankara’s father was King Kumbh and his mother was Queen Prabhavati Devi. While the Digambara sect considers all 24 Tirthankara to be men, including Mallinatha, the Shvetambara Jains believe that is a woman named Malli Devi.
As per Shvetambara, she took Diksha, together with 300 other men and women each after a long period of life. Following her Diksha or vow, she attained Vipulmati Manahparyav Gyan or the highest level of Pra normal ability.
She introduced the notion of equanimity in her first speech. During this first lecture, six monarchs took Diksha. She attained Nirvana at Sammed Shikharji after spending a considerable amount of time promoting the propagation of religious belief. Bhagwan Mallinath's life was 55000 years, of which 54900 were spent as an ascetic.
Her symbol is Kalash or jar.
He was the current era's twentieth Tirthankara. On the fifteenth day of the Shraavana Shukla (bright fortnight) in 1,184,980 BC, his spirit entered the womb of Queen Padmavati, the wife of King Sumitra Raja of Rajgriha. The King then crowned him as his successor, gave him control of the realm, and left to travel on a spiritual journey in the forest.
Munisuvrata is thought to have governed his country for 15,000 years (Rajya Kala), having a 7,500-year youth. Later, he gave up all worldly ambitions and became a monk. He performed karma-destroying penance for 11 months before attaining Omniscience (Kevala Jnana), the all-pervasive knowledge, under a Champaka tree. He urged his followers to realise the purpose of their birth and to achieve self-realisation as he taught on spiritual and applied philosophy.
On the twelfth day of the dark half of the month of Phalguna - Phalguna Krishna Devadasi, Munisuvrata, who is reported to have lived for almost 30,000 years, obtained liberation (Nirvana) from Sammed Shikharji. He is described as being 20 bows (60 metres) tall with a dark complexion.
He is associated with the Tortoise emblem.
The twenty-one Tirthankara was born to Queen Vipra Rani and King Vijay Raja of Mithila of the Ikshvaku dynasty on the eighth day of the dark half of the month of Shravan according to the Hindu calendar. He soon began to rule the kingdom after getting married. After crowning him, the king went to live an ascetic lifestyle in the woods.
Naminath performed his duties as a king heroically. Everyone praised his kingship. Over time, he began to understand his true purpose for being born. He saw his past lives and karma. Then, he gave his son the kingdom & left in order to live a hermetic lifestyle. Many individuals went in his direction. He started his journey toward adopting austerity on the ninth day of the waning moon of the Ashadh month. After engaging in genuine religious rituals for a number of years, he acquired Omniscience.
He began his sermons by introducing his followers to Jain philosophy and the Jain religion's principles. In that speech, he also discussed self-awareness. Many people found salvation thanks to his teaching. He finally attained Nirvana beneath the Bakul tree in a garden adjacent to Mithila on the ninth day of the waning moon of the Vaisakh month.
The symbol of Neminath is Blue Water Lily / Blue Lotus (Neel Kamal).
Also known as Arishtanemi is the twenty-second Tirthankara of the present Avsarpini cycle. He was born to King Samudravijaya and Queen Shivadevi at Souripur in the Harivamsha clan on the 5th day of Shravana Shukla in the Indian calendar. His historical date was around 3100 B.C. He was a Balbrahmachari and the cousin of Lord Krishna.
He heard the cries of helpless animals that were going to be murdered for the wedding celebrations as he was headed to the venue of his wedding on the day of his marriage. After becoming aware of this information, he was overcome by Karuna's compassion for these defenseless animals and was unable to stand by as they were killed. So, he made the decision to renounce the planet right there. He received Diksha at Sahasavan, and there, after years of hard monastic discipline, he reached Keval Gyan. Later, he received salvation and was liberated.
As per Jain doctrine, he gained moksha (liberation from worldly existence), on the Girnar Hills in Kathiawar (in western India), which is now a Jain pilgrimage site.
The symbol of Neminatha is Shankh.
The twenty-third Tirthankara's other name was Parshva, born on the eleventh day of the dark half of the Hindu month of Paush to King Ashwasena and Queen Vamadevi of Varanasi to the Ikshvaku dynasty. On the eleventh day of the dark half of the month of Paush, together with 300 other men, he took Diksha after a long period of existence. Knowing about his previous lives, he realised that the moment had arrived to live a monastic life and accomplish the true reason he had been born. He began his journey of renunciation and kept up his strict spiritual penances.
On the fourth day of the dark half of the month of Chaitra and the constellation of Vishaka, after 84 days of Diksha and giving up on the world, Lord Parshvanath obtained salvation (Keval Gyan). Along with 33 other saints, he reached Nirvana on Sammed Shikharji on the eighth day of the bright half of the month of Ashadh (Mountain).
In his 100-year life, he spent 84 days of meditation and spiritual practices (Sadhana / Tap) and 70 years as an ascetic. He supposedly stood nine hands' height tall.
His symbol is Snake.
Also known as Vardhamana, was the twenty-fourth and last Tirthankara (supreme preacher) of Jainism. In accordance with the Vira Nirvana Samvat calendar era, his birthday is observed on the thirteenth day of the rising moon in the month of Chaitra. He was born to King Siddharth and Queen Trishla in the early part of the 6th century BCE into a royal Kshatriya Jain family in ancient India. His parents were Parshvanatha lay devotees.
At the age of roughly 30, Mahavira gave up everything he owned in order to pursue spiritual enlightenment and left his household. He thereafter became an ascetic. He spent twelve and a half years engaging in rigorous austerity measures and intense meditation before achieving Kevala Jnana (Omniscience). Although the exact year differs by sect, he preached for 30 years before achieving Moksha (Liberation). Jain writings claim that his Nirvana took place in the Bihar town of Pawapuri.
Mahavira is typically seen in a meditative pose, either seated or standing. His birth is marked as Mahavir Janma Kalyanak, and the Jains observe Diwali to remember his life as a spiritual light and the night of his Nirvana.
His symbol is Lion.